#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <alloc.h>
enum boolean
{
false = 0,
true = 1
} ;
struct thtree
{
enum boolean isleft ;
struct thtree *left ;
int data ;
struct thtree *right ;
enum boolen isright ;
} ;
void insert ( struct thtree **, int ) ;
void delete ( struct thtree **, int ) ;
void search ( struct thtree **, int, struct thtree **,
struct thtree **, int * ) ;
void inorder ( struct thtree * ) ;
void deltree ( struct thtree ** ) ;
void main( )
{
struct thtree *th_head ;
th_head = NULL ; /* empty tree */
insert ( &th_head, 11 ) ;
insert ( &th_head, 9 ) ;
insert ( &th_head, 13 ) ;
insert ( &th_head, 8 ) ;
insert ( &th_head, 10 ) ;
insert ( &th_head, 12 ) ;
insert ( &th_head, 14 ) ;
insert ( &th_head, 15 ) ;
insert ( &th_head, 7 ) ;
clrscr( ) ;
printf ( "Threaded binary tree before deletion:\n" ) ;
inorder ( th_head ) ;
delete ( &th_head, 10 ) ;
printf ( "\nThreaded binary tree after deletion:\n" ) ;
inorder ( th_head ) ;
delete ( &th_head, 14 ) ;
printf ( "\nThreaded binary tree after deletion:\n" ) ;
inorder ( th_head ) ;
delete ( &th_head, 8 ) ;
printf ( "\nThreaded binary tree after deletion:\n" ) ;
inorder ( th_head ) ;
delete ( &th_head, 13 ) ;
printf ( "\nThreaded binary tree after deletion:\n" ) ;
inorder ( th_head ) ;
deltree ( &th_head ) ;
getch( ) ;
}
/* inserts a node in a threaded binary tree */
void insert ( struct thtree **s, int num )
{
struct thtree *p, *z, *head = *s ;
/* allocating a new node */
z = malloc ( sizeof ( struct thtree ) ) ;
z -> isleft = true ; /* indicates a thread */
z -> data = num ; /* assign new data */
z -> isright = true ; /* indicates a thread */
/* if tree is empty */
if ( *s == NULL )
{
head = malloc ( sizeof ( struct thtree ) ) ;
/* the entire tree is treated as a left sub-tree of the head node */
head -> isleft = false ;
head -> left = z ; /* z becomes leftchild of the head node */
head -> data = -9999 ; /* no data */
head -> right = head ; /* right link will always be pointing
to itself */
head -> isright = false ;
*s = head ;
z -> left = head ; /* left thread to head */
z -> right = head ; /* right thread to head */
}
else/* if tree is non-empty */
{
p = head -> left ;
/* traverse till the thread is found attached to the head */
while ( p != head )
{
if ( p -> data > num )
{
if ( p -> isleft != true ) /* checking for a thread */
p = p -> left ;
else
{
z -> left = p -> left ;
p -> left = z ;
p -> isleft = false ; /* indicates a link */
z -> isright = true ;
z -> right = p ;
return ;
}
}
else
{
if ( p -> data < num )
{
if ( p -> isright != true )
p = p -> right ;
else
{
z -> right = p -> right ;
p -> right = z ;
p -> isright = false ; /* indicates a link */
z -> isleft = true ;
z -> left = p ;
return ;
}
}
}
}
}
}
/* deletes a node from the binary search tree */
void delete ( struct thtree **root, int num )
{
int found ;
struct thtree *parent, *x, *xsucc ;
/* if tree is empty */
if ( *root == NULL )
{
printf ( "\nTree is empty" ) ;
return ;
}
parent = x = NULL ;
/* call to search function to find the node to be deleted */
search ( root, num, &parent, &x, &found ) ;
/* if the node to deleted is not found */
if ( found == false )
{
printf ( "\nData to be deleted, not found" ) ;
return ;
}
/* if the node to be deleted has two children */
if ( x -> isleft == false && x -> isright == false )
{
parent = x ;
xsucc = x -> right ;
while ( xsucc -> isleft == false )
{
parent = xsucc ;
xsucc = xsucc -> left ;
}
x -> data = xsucc -> data ;
x = xsucc ;
}
/* if the node to be deleted has no child */
if ( x -> isleft == true && x -> isright == true )
{
/* if node to be deleted is a root node */
if ( parent == NULL )
{
( *root ) -> left = *root ;
( *root ) -> isleft = true ;
free ( x ) ;
return ;
}
if ( parent -> right == x )
{
parent -> isright = true ;
parent -> right = x -> right ;
}
else
{
parent -> isleft = true ;
parent -> left = x -> left ;
}
free ( x ) ;
return ;
}
/* if the node to be deleted has only rightchild */
if ( x -> isleft == true && x -> isright == false )
{
/* node to be deleted is a root node */
if ( parent == NULL )
{
( *root ) -> left = x -> right ;
free ( x ) ;
return ;
}
if ( parent -> left == x )
{
parent -> left = x -> right ;
x -> right -> left = x -> left ;
}
else
{
parent -> right = x -> right ;
x -> right -> left = parent ;
}
free ( x ) ;
return ;
}
/* if the node to be deleted has only left child */
if ( x -> isleft == false && x -> isright == true )
{
/* the node to be deleted is a root node */
if ( parent == NULL )
{
parent = x ;
xsucc = x -> left ;
while ( xsucc -> right == false )
xsucc = xsucc -> right ;
xsucc -> right = *root ;
( *root ) -> left = x -> left ;
free ( x ) ;
return ;
}
if ( parent -> left == x )
{
parent -> left = x -> left ;
x -> left -> right = parent ;
}
else
{
parent -> right = x -> left ;
x -> left -> right = x -> right ;
}
free ( x ) ;
return ;
}
}
/* returns the address of the node to be deleted, address of its parent and
whether the node is found or not */
void search ( struct thtree **root, int num, struct thtree **par,
struct thtree **x, int *found )
{
struct thtree *q ;
q = ( *root ) -> left ;
*found = false ;
*par = NULL ;
while ( q != *root )
{
/* if the node to be deleted is found */
if ( q -> data == num )
{
*found = true ;
*x = q ;
return ;
}
*par = q ;
if ( q -> data > num )
{
if ( q -> isleft == true )
{
*found = false ;
x = NULL ;
return ;
}
q = q -> left ;
}
else
{
if ( q -> isright == true )
{
*found = false ;
*x = NULL ;
return ;
}
q = q -> right ;
}
}
}
/* traverses the threaded binary tree in inorder */
void inorder ( struct thtree *root )
{
struct thtree *p ;
p = root -> left ;
while ( p != root )
{
while ( p -> isleft == false )
p = p -> left ;
printf ( "%d\t", p -> data ) ;
while ( p -> isright == true )
{
p = p -> right ;
if ( p == root )
break ;
printf ( "%d\t", p -> data ) ;
}
p = p -> right ;
}
}
void deltree ( struct thtree **root )
{
while ( ( *root ) -> left != *root )
delete ( root, ( *root ) -> left -> data ) ;
}