# include <iostream.h>
 # include <graphics.h>
 # include    <conio.h>
 # include     <math.h>

 # define  f                 0.3
 # define  projection_angle   45

 void show_screen( );

 void Bezier_curve(constint,constint [4][3]);
 void Piece_wise_bezier_curve(constint,constint [25][3]);

 double nCr(int,int);
 double factorial(int);

 void get_projected_point(double&,double&,double&);
 void multiply_matrices(constfloat[4],constfloat[4][4],float[4]);

 void Dashed_line(constint,constint,constint,constint,constint=0);


 int main( )
    {
       int driver=VGA;
       int mode=VGAHI;

       int n;

       do
      {
         show_screen( );

         gotoxy(8,10);
         cout<<"Number of Control Points : n :";

         gotoxy(8,11);
         cout<<"ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ";

         gotoxy(12,13);
         cout<<"Enter the value of n (1<n<=25) = ";
         cin>>n;

         if(n>=10)
        n=10;

         int control_points[25][3]={0};

         for(int count=0;count<n;count++)
        {
           gotoxy(8,16);
           cout<<"Coordinates of Point-"<<count<<" (x"<<count<<",y"<<count<<",z"<<count<<") :";

           gotoxy(8,17);
           cout<<"ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ";

           gotoxy(12,19);
           cout<<"Enter the value of x"<<count<<" = ";
           cin>>control_points[count][0];

           gotoxy(12,21);
           cout<<"Enter the value of y"<<count<<" = ";
           cin>>control_points[count][1];

           gotoxy(12,23);
           cout<<"Enter the value of z"<<count<<" = ";
           cin>>control_points[count][2];

           gotoxy(8,16);
           cout<<"                                            ";

           gotoxy(12,19);
           cout<<"                                            ";

           gotoxy(12,21);
           cout<<"                                            ";

           gotoxy(12,23);
           cout<<"                                            ";
        }

         initgraph(&driver,&mode,"..\\Bgi");

         setcolor(15);
           Piece_wise_bezier_curve(n,control_points);

         setcolor(15);
           outtextxy(110,460,"Press <Enter> to continue or any other key to exit.");

         int key=int(getch( ));

         if(key!=13)
        break;
      }
       while(1);

       return 0;
    }

 /*************************************************************************///------------------------  Piece_wise_bezier_curve( )  --------------------------///*************************************************************************/void Piece_wise_bezier_curve(constint n,constint cpts[25][3])
    {
       int pieces=(n/4);
       int extra_points=(n%4);

       int point=1;

       int cp[4][3]={0};

       for(int count_1=0;count_1<pieces;count_1++)
      {
         point--;

         for(int count_2=0;count_2<4;count_2++)
        {
           cp[count_2][0]=cpts[point][0];
           cp[count_2][1]=cpts[point][1];
           cp[count_2][2]=cpts[point][2];

           point++;
        }

         Bezier_curve(3,cp);
      }

       if(extra_points)
      {
         for(int count_3=(point-1),count_4=0;count_3<n;
                            count_3++,count_4++)
        {
           cp[count_4][0]=cpts[count_3][0];
           cp[count_4][1]=cpts[count_3][1];
           cp[count_4][2]=cpts[count_3][2];
        }

         Bezier_curve(extra_points,cp);
      }
    }

 /*************************************************************************///--------------------------  Bezier_curve( )  --------------------------///*************************************************************************/void Bezier_curve(constint n,constint cp[4][3])
    {
       setcolor(7);

       double x_1;
       double y_1;
       double z_1;
       double x_2;
       double y_2;
       double z_2;

       for(int count=0;count<n;count++)
      {
         x_1=cp[count][0];
         y_1=cp[count][1];
         z_1=cp[count][2];
         x_2=cp[(count+1)][0];
         y_2=cp[(count+1)][1];
         z_2=cp[(count+1)][2];

         get_projected_point(x_1,y_1,z_1);
         get_projected_point(x_2,y_2,z_2);

         Dashed_line((int)(x_1+0.5),(int)(y_1+0.5),
                         (int)(x_2+0.5),(int)(y_2+0.5));
      }

       double x;
       double y;
       double z;

       for(float u=0.0005;u<=1;u+=0.0005)
      {
         x=0;
         y=0;
         z=0;

         for(int k=0;k<=n;k++)
        {
           x+=(cp[k][0]*nCr(n,k)*pow(u,k)*powl((1-u),(n-k)));
           y+=(cp[k][1]*nCr(n,k)*pow(u,k)*powl((1-u),(n-k)));
           z+=(cp[k][2]*nCr(n,k)*pow(u,k)*powl((1-u),(n-k)));
        }

         get_projected_point(x,y,z);

         putpixel((int)(x+0.5),(int)(y+0.5),15);
      }
    }

 /*************************************************************************///------------------------------  nCr( )  -------------------------------///*************************************************************************/double nCr(int n,int r)
    {
       double nf;
       double rf;
       double nrf;
       double ncr;

       nf=factorial(n);
       rf=factorial(r);
       nrf=factorial((n-r));

       ncr=(nf/(rf*nrf));

       return ncr;
    }

 /*************************************************************************///---------------------------  factorial( )  ----------------------------///*************************************************************************/double factorial(int number)
    {
       double factorial=1;

       if(number==0 || number==1);

       else
      {
         for(int count=1;count<=number;count++)
        factorial=factorial*count;
      }

       return factorial;
    }

 /************************************************************************///---------------------  get_projected_point( )  -----------------------///************************************************************************/void get_projected_point(double& x,double& y,double& z)
    {
       float fcos0=(f*cos(projection_angle*(M_PI/180)));
       float fsin0=(f*sin(projection_angle*(M_PI/180)));

       float Par_v[4][4]={
                {1,0,0,0},
                {0,1,0,0},
                {fcos0,fsin0,0,0},
                {0,0,0,1}
             };

       float xy[4]={x,y,z,1};
       float new_xy[4]={0};

       multiply_matrices(xy,Par_v,new_xy);

       x=new_xy[0];
       y=new_xy[1];
       z=new_xy[2];
    }

 /************************************************************************///----------------------  multiply_matrices( )  ------------------------///************************************************************************/void multiply_matrices(constfloat matrix_1[4],
                  constfloat matrix_2[4][4],float matrix_3[4])
    {
       for(int count_1=0;count_1<4;count_1++)
      {
         for(int count_2=0;count_2<4;count_2++)
        matrix_3[count_1]+=
               (matrix_1[count_2]*matrix_2[count_2][count_1]);
      }
    }

 /*************************************************************************///---------------------------  Dashed_line( )  --------------------------///*************************************************************************/void Dashed_line(constint x_1,constint y_1,constint x_2,
                      constint y_2,constint line_type)
    {
       int count=0;
       int color=getcolor( );

       int x1=x_1;
       int y1=y_1;

       int x2=x_2;
       int y2=y_2;

       if(x_1>x_2)
      {
         x1=x_2;
         y1=y_2;

         x2=x_1;
         y2=y_1;
      }

       int dx=abs(x2-x1);
       int dy=abs(y2-y1);
       int inc_dec=((y2>=y1)?1:-1);

       if(dx>dy)
      {
         int two_dy=(2*dy);
         int two_dy_dx=(2*(dy-dx));
         int p=((2*dy)-dx);

         int x=x1;
         int y=y1;

         putpixel(x,y,color);

         while(x<x2)
        {
           x++;

           if(p<0)
              p+=two_dy;

           else
              {
             y+=inc_dec;
             p+=two_dy_dx;
              }

           if((count%2)!=0 && line_type==0)
              putpixel(x,y,color);

           elseif((count%5)!=4 && line_type==1)
              putpixel(x,y,color);

           elseif((count%10)!=8 && (count%10)!=9 && line_type==2)
              putpixel(x,y,color);

           elseif((count%20)!=18 && (count%20)!=19 && line_type==3)
              putpixel(x,y,color);

           elseif((count%12)!=7 && (count%12)!=8 &&
                (count%12)!=10 && (count%12)!=11 && line_type==4)
              putpixel(x,y,color);

           count++;
        }
      }

       else
      {
         int two_dx=(2*dx);
         int two_dx_dy=(2*(dx-dy));
         int p=((2*dx)-dy);

         int x=x1;
         int y=y1;

         putpixel(x,y,color);

         while(y!=y2)
        {
           y+=inc_dec;

           if(p<0)
              p+=two_dx;

           else
              {
             x++;
             p+=two_dx_dy;
              }

           if((count%2)!=0 && line_type==0)
              putpixel(x,y,color);

           elseif((count%5)!=4 && line_type==1)
              putpixel(x,y,color);

           elseif((count%10)!=8 && (count%10)!=9 && line_type==2)
              putpixel(x,y,color);

           elseif((count%20)!=18 && (count%20)!=19 && line_type==3)
              putpixel(x,y,color);

           elseif((count%12)!=7 && (count%12)!=8 &&
                (count%12)!=10 && (count%12)!=11 && line_type==4)
              putpixel(x,y,color);

           count++;
        }
      }
    }

 /*************************************************************************///--------------------------  show_screen( )  ---------------------------///*************************************************************************/void show_screen( )
    {
       restorecrtmode( );
       clrscr( );
       textmode(C4350);

       cprintf("\n********************************************************************************");
       cprintf("*-***********************-                           -************************-*");
       cprintf("*------------------------- ");

       textbackground(1);
       cprintf(" Piece-Wise Bezier Curve ");
       textbackground(8);

       cprintf(" --------------------------*");
       cprintf("*-***********************-                           -************************-*");
       cprintf("*-****************************************************************************-*");

       for(int count=0;count<42;count++)
      cprintf("*-*                                                                          *-*");

       gotoxy(1,46);
       cprintf("*-****************************************************************************-*");
       cprintf("*------------------------------------------------------------------------------*");
       cprintf("********************************************************************************");

       gotoxy(1,2);
    }