Yes, a single VBA function could certainly return the format  you want
without any intervening cells. Steps you'd need to take:

Pass the original date  as a parameter to the function.

Use the Split function to split it apart at the blanks into a three-element
array.

Use a Case statement to convert Jul to the STRING "07", etc. Do not convert
it to the number 7 or you'll just need to put a leading zero back on it.

Use the Join function to join the bits back up, specifying a hyphen as your
separator.

Return this new string from the function (and therefore into the cell).